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2022年2月8日 星期二

花千億美元請看開幕式總得吃完烤鴨再走

 


普京閃電訪問參加冬奧會開幕式,隨即於當晚離開總共幾個小時而已,甚至連特意準備的晚宴都沒參加,代價是從前者手中拿到千億美元的能源商貿訂單。俄羅斯官方的解釋是因為疫情,實際情況自然是烏克蘭問題緊張所致,雖然表面普京故作輕鬆,俄烏克衝突掌握絕對主動權,但實際上他壓力甚大極度緊張。

 

開始有傳他可能不參加開幕式,但最後時刻對方答應經貿要求下才出現。烏克蘭軍事實力有限全國連民兵才25萬兵力,而且武器裝備戰鬥力都有限,如果俄羅斯打算採取軍事手段徹底解決問題,應該迅雷不及掩耳之勢拿下基輔,造成即成事實歐美必定鞭長莫及。當然,如此等於新冷戰正式開打,烏克蘭將成為美俄對抗的最前線,最後結果必定是重蹈前蘇聯的覆轍,以俄羅斯的綜合實力遠較前蘇聯為差,全方位整體長期對抗談何容易。

 

如果打下烏克蘭東部,北約可以單獨宣佈西烏克蘭直接加入北約,如此等於烏克蘭成為東西德,變相接受了北約在西烏克蘭駐軍,加速了烏克蘭加入北約的進程,歐美軍事勢力在俄羅斯邊境部署直接對抗了。所以,普京的底牌還是不戰而屈人之兵,利用軍事壓力逼迫歐美簽下城下之盟。至於拿到合作夥伴的千億訂單之類,主要還是能源方面的合約,而且是未來十年的供應量,這些單子本來就要簽的,無非是現在提前透支而已。如果北約俄國全面實行軍事對抗,千億美元的分期合同這點錢根本不夠。

 

況且合作夥伴自身在貿易戰後受到經濟凋敝,資金短缺,製造業衰退,失業嚴重,外資撤離,疫情打擊,國際關係惡化,海外投資惡化等綜合因素影響,經濟實力受到打壓下力不從心。如果開宗明義支持俄羅斯吞併烏克蘭,如此等於在俄國裹挾下與歐美直接對抗。最後結果如何參照歷史經驗就會有答案。美國已經警告如果競爭對手支持俄國,經濟制裁必定會包含前者,這就是普京臨時差點不飛過來的原因,因為合作夥伴並沒有完全滿足他的條件。所以他烤鴨都不吃露個臉匆忙回國了,否則參加晚宴的時間還是有的。

 

至於說疫情俄羅斯本來就是惡化最嚴重的國家,在疫情開始之初莫斯科市長就表示幾乎失控,現在情勢更加惡化難於收拾,這也是普總在烏克蘭冒險的原因之一,主要目的是轉移國內的視線挑動民族情緒,為自己的對內執政減輕壓力,事實上這是他多年來屢試不爽的手段。另外,美國從中亞倉促撤軍將軍力全部投入亞太,對付競爭對手下北約在歐洲的實力有所削弱。加之受到疫情影響提供給普京難得的機會。

 

歐美軍事戰略重心二戰後在歐洲,稍後是中東現在重返亞太,中亞撤軍出現真空下臺海軍事壓力加劇,對於普京的發難中短期內難以顧及。現在普京會不斷施加軍事壓力,爭取短期內逼迫北約就範。直到目前為止歐美也沒有在烏克蘭全面部署成建制的部隊,對比上次俄烏衝突,當時有英國主導的各國部隊直接部署當地。北約如果直接出兵普京立刻會陷入被動,雖然對方部署的軍事力量肯定非常有限,但是即便送給俄羅斯消滅,哪怕就是打死少量士兵也會意味著全面開戰。

 

現在歐美正在爭取時間做出反應,最後就是直接的軍事勢力介入,當然如此需要進行一定的風險評估,但一旦做出決定普京必定會變被動。無論是全面開戰還是局部戰爭,長遠看都不利普京永久執政。即便是打下烏克蘭也會面臨歐美支持下的長期反抗,針對俄羅斯境內的恐怖襲擊是少不了的,況且還有阿富汗的前車之鑒。所以,現在對於普京來說最佳選擇是見好就收。


2022年2月7日 星期一

Too little money and 10 divisions are not enough for Putin to take Ukraine

 


Russia has 100,000 troops in Ukraine and Belarus, and has adopted military means to attack Ukraine in two directions at the same time. Objectively speaking, if Russia wants to annex Ukraine, there is no problem militarily. Ukraine itself has limited military strength, and it is impossible for NATO to mobilize troops to confront Russia on a large scale in the short to medium term, and this is when the epidemic situation in various countries is very serious.

 

Putin is now asking NATO to sign an agreement to give up Ukraine to join NATO, or resort to military means or allow eastern Ukraine to return to Russia independently. Although Europe and the United States have threatened not to accept it, and will impose severe sanctions on Russia like North Korea, excluding it from the US dollar financial system, this will limit the energy exports to Europe that Russia relies on. The latter is trying to increase energy exports to China to make up for it. In fact, the price of Russia's energy exports to Europe is much lower than that China, which is entirely a political act and not entirely considering economic factors. Energy export to Europe is Putin's only trump card against Europe and the United States. If it is restricted, it means losing the ability to confront.

 

Russia's military power is less than one-tenth of that of the former Soviet Union. At present, only nuclear weapons and nuclear submarines can threaten NATO. If Ukraine is fully occupied by military means, 100,000 troops are simply not enough in number, and they may face the challenge of protracted war. At that time, the super-strong force fought against Afghanistan for ten years and finally withdrew its troops. According to foreign media reports, Russia has accumulated more than 100 billion US dollars to cope with the Russian-Ukrainian crisis during the recent energy rise, but this amount is not enough in the long run. Moreover, even if Ukraine is fully occupied, it will not be able to cover this country current bad economy, and Russia has no long-term consumption of economic strength at all.

 

The more practical operation is to win eastern Ukraine, but this is equivalent to recognizing the independence of western Ukraine. Europe and the United States can declare that western Ukraine will directly join NATO. In this way, not only can troops be directly stationed there, but strategic missile defense systems can also be deployed in a grand manner. At most, it is to repeat the pattern of the Cold War in the past, to directly confront Russia in Ukraine, and to prolong the consumption of politics, economy, military and diplomacy. In this way, according to Russia's current overall withered economy, it is even more difficult to bear the burden under the severe epidemic.

 

Although Putin now theoretically does not have a political obstacle to get permanent power, but if Russia starts a war abroad, it will be unfavorable to his long-term governance, so he can control the domestic situation now, mainly relying on the profit of energy exports to maintain the economy. The support of the financial oligarchs, and the strict control of internal opposition power and the media. In addition, Europe and the United States are now shifting their power to the Asia-Pacific region to target their competitors. After the hastily withdrawn troops from Afghanistan, a power vacuum has emerged in Central Asia.

 

If Europe and the United States impose severe financial sanctions on it, it will inevitably affect the interests of the financial oligarchs. The economy will be hit under the restriction of energy exports, and the ruble will definitely be severely impacted and collapsed. It is unrealistic to try to make up for the losses by increasing energy exports to China. After all, China cannot absorb all the losses of the other party, and this is equivalent to directly confronting the West with Russia, and it is equivalent to being coerced into a Cold War directly with Europe and the United States, and it is under the leadership of Russia. Even a hot war will potentially break out. Although rivals' relations with Europe and the United States have deteriorated in recent years, they are far from a overall conflict. Moreover, the local epidemic situation in Russia is bad. With Europe and the United States facing the threat of the collapse of medical systems and resources and  Russia also confront the same situation. It must turn its attention to the outside world.

 

In fact, the Russian media reported very limited coverage of the Russian-Ukrainian conflict, which means that there was no full-scale war mobilization. And Putin has previously emphasized that he has never said that there will be military action against Ukraine. The last Russian-Ukrainian conflict finished, after the Russian economy was suppressed and the ruble was hit, Putin suddenly withdrew his troops. This is also the case this time. If no military measures are taken around March, it will be difficult for the situation to develop further. After all, Europe and the United States have also begun to make various preparations for this. It seems that although NATO cannot accept all the conditions put forward by Russia, it can promise to slow down the pace of Ukraine's accession to NATO, and the two sides can secretly compromise, at least make a commitment to maintain the status quo.

 

Putin has been suppressed internationally in recent years, and he has continued to seek diplomatic breakthroughs without success. Therefore, it is possible to seek more voice in diplomacy through this incident. Russia's overall economic strength is now incomparable to that of South Korea. The total amount is only equal to one province of a neighboring country. How can it have the strength to engage in a full-scale Cold War-style long-term confrontation? If this is the case, the internal economy will collapse soon, and the foundation of Putin's long-term rule will be lost. Russia's current toughness is actually consistent, the purpose is to force a higher bargaining chip.

 

10 divisions on the Ukrainian border are simply not enough to fully capture the Ukrainian border, not to mention that the armored forces are still difficult to resist NATO's air power. The last time the riots in eastern Ukraine were entirely caused by mercenaries sent by Russia. If they really wanted to return to Russia, they had long been independent last time.


Atsumi Ishihara

 







真要打烏克蘭這點錢和邊境10個師根本不夠


 

2022年1月21日 星期五

Yuka Ogura

 







玉帝讓孫悟空直接當弼馬溫還是提拔和重用的

 


普京出兵打烏克蘭真打幾年前東部早獨立了

 


俄羅斯派兵白俄羅斯暗示一旦戰爭爆發,俄羅斯可從烏克蘭東部和北部兩面夾擊烏克蘭。目的是迫使美國及北約讓步,「簽署」一份保證北約不會把烏克蘭納入其中的文件。俄羅斯因為俄烏衝突和吞併克裡米亞遭到西方打壓,近年來普京不斷嘗試打破外交僵局但是收效甚微。

 

美國通過葉岩油現在成了世界最大石油輸出國,俄羅斯對歐洲石油出口也受到影響。對內由於處置疫情不利感染和死亡人數不斷上升,疫情發生前正是他謀求終生連任的關鍵時刻。普京雖然通過政治手段連任問題不大,但是他承諾的“給我20年給你一個強大俄羅斯”之類根本沒能實現,只能通過嚴厲的國內輿論控制,殘酷打壓反對派來維持政權。如果能源出口能夠維持經濟,普京還能控制內部局面,否則經濟凋敝疫情打擊,內部反對勢力抬頭等因素下,對於普京的執政會產生負面影響。

 

俄羅斯經濟過於依賴能源下非常脆弱,上次俄烏衝突緩和也是歐美限制其能源出口嚴厲打壓盧布,普京不得不有所收斂主動撤出了邊境的部隊。現在所謂的保證北約不東擴的協議毫無意義,對方可以隨時撕毀協議。為了刺激國內支持其終生執政的民意,作勢進攻烏克蘭把東部拿過去,利用民族主義鞏固政權是主要目的。

 

烏克蘭早已申請加入北約一旦被納入,就意味著戰略導彈防禦系統會佈置到該國,上次衝突時英國聯合北約甚至派了軍隊奔赴烏克蘭駐紮,而且奧巴馬保證會向烏克蘭提供資金和武器裝備。如果烏克蘭加入北約,成為歐盟成員也是時間問題。同為斯拉夫人烏克蘭成為歐洲國家,必定對俄羅斯造成巨大衝擊。

 

普京在烏克蘭東部邊境陳列重兵,核心目的就是讓歐美北約放棄烏克蘭。美俄北約分別談判最後都是無果而終。正在烏克蘭首都基輔訪問的布林肯回應,「俄羅斯的一些苛求明顯是荒謬的註定要失敗」,宣佈美國向烏克蘭增加2億美元「安全費用」,之前美國已向烏克蘭提供的4.5億美金,英國方面也宣佈向烏克蘭提供反坦克武器幫助烏方。

 

俄羅斯無論任何衝突都是採取強勢,最後的結果也都是在西方政經軍事綜合打壓下偃旗息鼓,無非是現在美國從阿富汗撤軍導致中亞出現真空,歐美又將主要精力用在對付疫情和針對“競爭對手”,無暇顧及俄羅斯並採取軍事行動。

 

任何形式的軍事衝突都會對普京的執政不利,俄羅斯反普京勢力也很强大。最近,在烏茲別克差點爆發顏色革命,中亞地區的情勢不穩也是對俄羅斯的警告,如果在烏克蘭動作過多歐美就有能力在中亞引發顏色革命,如此普京將多面受敵無法控制。美國甚至威脅俄羅斯將會被排除出美元體系,受到等同朝鮮的嚴厲制裁。意思就是以美元定價的能源出口俄羅斯會受到衝擊,盧布會受到再次受到嚴厲打壓而崩潰。

 

普京長期執政的另一個重要原因就是國內金融寡頭的支持,如果歐美採取嚴厲措施普京必定受到國內黑金財閥的反對。無論從任何角度看都將對他的執政不利,一旦失去權力他會被立刻清算。所以,現在對烏克蘭的強硬都是姿態而已,最後無非是作為籌碼與歐美做交換,至少也能在外交上有所突破。

 

目前俄羅斯的政經軍事實力連前蘇聯的十分之一都不夠,如果與歐美發生全面軍事衝突,一旦戰爭長期化根本無法負擔,何況還是全球疫情嚴重,俄羅斯內部病毒肆虐的情況下。出兵烏克蘭發生正面軍事衝突根本不可能,真要打幾年前烏克蘭東部,早就在俄羅斯支持下獨立回歸了。