美國庚子賠款到手后怎麼處理最后為何帶頭都還了

 

辛醜和約，美國以海陸軍費及商人損失不貲，遂索賠款約數二十五兆美金，合中國銀三十四兆兩有奇。是年四月，各國攤派賠款總數四百五十兆兩，美國分得三十二兆九十三萬兩有奇，合美金二十四兆四十四萬元有奇，議定分四十年付清，年息四厘。

1901年9月7日，清廷全權代表慶親王奕劻、李鴻章與英、美、俄、德、日、奧、法、意、西、荷、比等11國代表在北京簽訂《辛醜條約》 事定，美國政府下令，凡美國教會教士商人等，於庚子拳匪之亂，受有損失者，或死者之家屬，皆得於此項賠款內，領取賠償撫恤之費。令下，計來領償金者，共得二百三十餘人，共發給美金一兆九十九元有奇。加入陸軍用費七兆十八萬零，及海軍用費二兆四十八萬零，共計美國於庚子一役，所受損失之確數，為美金十一兆六十五萬有奇。而於所得賠款二十四兆四十四萬之內，減去此數，蓋尚餘十二兆七十餘萬金為浮數雲。

西曆千九百零七年十二月，美國總統羅斯福君諮文議院，中有一節論賠款善後事宜，其言曰：當日政府之初意，本欲俟各種損失清償之後，即以盈餘之數交還中國，以為友誼之證，云云。是為美國退還賠款之議之肇端。羅氏又雲：此邦（美國）宜竭力助中國之教育發達，使此地大人眾之帝國，能振拔以適於今日之競爭世界，即如招致中國學生來此邦留學高等教育，亦達此目的之一法也。據此則賠款遣學生，其議實創自羅氏也。

明年正月，議會通過議案如下：大總統得有全權，斟酌減損一九零一年九月七日與中國所訂拳亂賠款二十四兆四十四萬七百七十八元九角一分之債券，須使此項賠款之總數，不得過一十一兆六十五萬五千四百九十二元六角九分（此即美國損失實數），期所餘之數，大總統斟酌行之。是時十二月二十八日，以國務卿魯特（ElihuRoot）之進言，總統羅期福下令曰：（上略）准此則美國政府除確實費用及一切損失賠償一十一兆六十五萬元零之外，所餘十二兆餘美金，實為浮數，受之有慚德，應以之退還中國，以全友誼。惟中國自一九零一年七月一日至一九零九年正月一日，共已付若千金，於此一十一兆六十五萬元之數，尚不足九兆六十四萬元有奇，其自一九零九年正月一日以後，於中國每年分付之賠款內，留其若干份以湊足此九兆餘元之數，而分其若干份，以歸還中國。

其每年退還之數，須照下列之表施行：一九零八年七月十一日，美國駐北京公使照會中國政府，告以退還賠款之議。九月十四日，吾國政府答書曰：「本國政府久感貴國邦交之篤，而無由申達謝悃，今大國如是盛舉，何可不謝。蔽國聞貴國大伯裡璽天德曾有願中國學子留學貴邦之言，且蔽國亦仰貴國教育之發達，是以蔽國政府現已決意用此退還之賠款，每年派遣學生若干人至貴國留學，已另諮貴國外務部與貴國使臣會商一切辦理之法，敬布腹心，伏惟照察。」

另附一書致美公使，宣告遣送學生辦法大概，謂第一年至第四年，歲派學生百人，至第五年以後則每年派五十人。一九零八年作月三日，美國務卿魯特郵致美國駐京公使，所議辦法大略如下：一、學生全數十之八須習實業工程諸科，其十之二可習政治法律。一、學生程度，（甲）中文能作數百字論說以上；（乙）能通曉本國經史文學；（丙）英文能直入美國大學；（丁）能略曉普通科學。（餘略）是年之冬，清廷派唐紹儀為專使，赴美國答謝退還賠款之盛意。

一九零九年，在北京舉行第一次考試，派出學生四十七人，明年又派出七十人，同時取入清華學堂肄業百四十人。千九百十一年，由清華學堂考送七十人。現留美之賠款學生共百八十餘人，後來者尚不可勝數，十年之後，賠款學生當遍於新大陸矣。

 

英國人被虐待手腕長蛆屍身餵狗后燒掉圓明園也是活該

 

1860年10月中旬，9名被扣押在圓明園的洋人「囚犯」獲釋，個個雙眼空洞半死不活。一起被送回聯軍營地的還有15具損毀嚴重的遺體，只能靠屍身上的衣物辨識身份。其中最慘的當屬倫敦《泰晤士報》的主戰記者鮑威爾比，已經沒了人形。據一名和他關在同處的錫克人稱：鮑威爾比在被關押的隔天，即9月20日就死於手腕處長出的蛆，三日後被丟出餵狗和豬。

 

鮑威爾比（？—1860年），倫敦《泰晤士報》記者，他隨特使巴夏禮在通州談判時，遭清軍劫持虐待，慘死於圓明園。鮑威爾比是世界上最早的隨軍記者之一，曾因對克裡米亞戰爭的前線報導而顯露名聲。1860年，他成為英國對華全權專使額爾金第二次遠征中國的隨員，欲為英國民眾詳盡報導華北前線形勢。鮑威爾比原計劃事成之後，轉道去蘇州採訪忠王李秀成，報導太平軍的動態，卻沒料到把命丟在了北京西郊。 

 

額爾金下達命令：再次溯白河而上進抵天津，逼清廷簽約賠款，並為反擊英國艦隊之舉道歉。聯軍繞道北塘，南下進攻大沽北岸炮臺，2個半小時的炮火對轟後，千餘清軍全部陣亡。這主要歸功於英軍的新式武器阿姆斯壯炮，鮑威爾比盛讚這是「服役中最好的火炮」。他又寫道：「炮臺內一片狼藉，腥臭難擋。只打了十天，就拿下白河要塞，報了前一年慘敗之仇，1860年對華戰爭已畫下句點。」

 

天津談判無果，額爾金決定進兵北京，記者鮑威爾比發表社論支持，強烈要求斥諸武力。怡親王載垣、兵部尚書穆蔭奉旨復談，與英方代表巴夏禮因跪拜禮儀談崩。鹹豐帝下密旨給僧格林沁，命其伏殺額爾金，但僧王部隊卻在9月18日下午錯俘了巴夏禮一行。人質共計26人，包括巴夏禮、額爾金秘書羅亨利、《泰晤士報》記者鮑威爾比、1名法國學者、3名英國軍官、19名錫克騎兵。鮑威爾比的噩夢即將到來。

 

9月19日眾人被運到北京，當年10月8日巴夏禮、羅亨利被釋放，之後幾天，倖存者陸續獲釋。不到一個月的關押期，26名人質中就有15人慘死獄中：記者鮑威爾比、法國學者、3名英國軍官、10名錫克人。他們受到嚴刑拷打與羞辱，不給食物與水，手腕被繩索束緊，導致雙手發黑腫脹。某個生還的錫克人稱：鮑威爾比死於手腕長出的蛆，有人替他穿上灰色格子布，三日後屍身被綁在一根橫樑上，丟到牆外餵豬狗。 

 

清代文學家方庖《獄中雜記》稱：囚犯若不上供銀錢，獄卒在捆縛時就會將其筋骨扭斷，即使活下來也要幾個月養好捆傷，有的人甚至落下終身殘疾。監獄潮濕缺氧，鮑威爾比應是手腕被勒傷潰爛，蒼蠅下卵後孵化成蛆。蛆蟲吃掉腐肉釋放毒素，加重感染程度，或者由血液循環進入其他身體部位，造成感染擴散。獄中環境惡劣，鮑威爾比極可能死於感染引發的敗血症、深層組織感染、骨髓炎等。

 

人質遭受折磨與喪命的噩耗傳遍聯軍，復仇的怒火迅速蔓延。有位將領提議洗劫京城，另一位將領要求吊死城裡的每個官員。考慮到早在10月6日，聯軍上下就已經開始劫掠圓明園，而人質又死在此園，額爾金計上心頭。他莊重宣佈：清廷要為劫持巴夏禮一行、殺害鮑威爾比等人受到懲罰，且完全由清帝本人承擔，不能波及無辜的京城百姓。1860年10月18日，額爾金不顧法國全權專使葛羅的反對，下令火燒圓明園。 

 

1860年，面對額爾金的第二次率軍入侵，僧格林沁的炮隊沒能像擊敗英國首任駐華公使卜魯斯那樣，守住大沽要塞。正面戰場打不過，伏殺敵酋又搞成錯捕談判特使，清廷在道義層面落下口實。英軍指揮官額爾金得以藉此由頭下令焚燒圓明園。當然，只要侵略者想，他們就可以找到數不盡的正當藉口。站在大清的角度，似乎也挺委屈，監牢獄卒虐待囚犯，向來是公開的秘密，他們倒也並非針對洋人，而是對內對外一視同仁。

Kim Jong-un, joined the war to saving food, getting money and weapons, has won 3 times already

 

It has been confirmed by all parties that North Korea will send troops to Ukraine, initially more than 10,000 people from one division will be sent to the battlefield in Ukraine after training, but according to the current situation, it is not a special force of North Korea, but young recruits who have been selected, and this time, the troops can receive about 200 million US dollars of aid from neighbouring countries, and the majority of the soldiers' monthly salary of 2,000 US dollars will go into Kim Jong-un's personal pockets, and only a very small amount will benefit the soldiers and their families, and even if it is consumed during the war, it will also save food for North Korean military. 

 

It is hard to say how the direct deployment of troops by North Korea will affect the war situation. From the point of view of the initial strength of one division, it will not change the war situation, but it will have a role to play in the acceleration of NATO's troop deployment. At least France has already made its attitude towards troop deployment clear in May, and a company of reconnaissance troops has already begun to conduct a field inspection, but it is said that they have suffered a great deal of casualties in a short period of time, and so we have not heard of any news of the French troops' deployment lately. 

 

It is rumoured that Korean troops will be stationed in the Kursk region to help the Russians regain their lost territory, but it is difficult to verify this. If the troops are dispersed and stationed in different positions to carry out regular warfare, the Korean troops lack basic training, have poor physical fitness, are unfamiliar with the new weapons and equipment, and have no knowledge of high-tech warfare, so it is difficult for them to adapt to the new battlefield environment quickly. It was even difficult for them to carry out the orders correctly because they did not speak the language. 

 

The most important thing is who should be in command of the troops. If the troops were under the command of Korean officers, they should be more powerful, but Korean officers lacked the experience of the Russian army in the battlefield, so direct combat would probably result in great casualties. If the troops are dispersed into Russian units, they are just ordinary recruits. Moreover, the troops sent by the DPRK this time are not the main force of the DPRK army, but are general troops recruited and transferred to the battlefield after a short period of training by the Russian army. 

 

It is impossible for the army to remain unaffected by the years of sanctions imposed by the DPRK. The daily food supply for ordinary troops is only 500 grams or so, which makes it very difficult to perform duties, not to mention basic military training. Due to the long-term malnutrition of the nationals, the height requirement for enlisting male soldiers is only 1.45 metres, and the first thing that soldiers of this quality have to do is to replenish nutrients to recover their physical strength and to adjust their bodies to keep them in good health before they can undergo adapted military training. 

 

Of course, there is no doubt about the will of the DPRK army to fight, especially its main force, but after all, in the present high-tech environment of modern warfare, in the face of Ukraine's superiority in weaponry with the support of the West, it is naturally out of place to rely on the tactics of the past. Although the number of North Korean troops participating in the war is not large, with the needs of the war, if we can deploy 10 divisions of more than 100,000 troops, or can play a role in the battlefield. At least after accumulating some combat experience, they can replace the Russian army for rest and recuperation, fill the holes in the battle line, assist in completing military projects, and share some of the combat tasks. 

 

Now that the Russian and Ukrainian armies are locked in a stalemate, and all sides have a high demand for additional troops, a large increase in the number of North Korean troops would be very favourable to the Russian army in every way. Moreover, the Korean army has traditionally inherited the Soviet Union's establishment, and has recently supplied a large number of weapons to the Russian army, so the Korean army is very familiar with the use of self-produced weapons. The Korean army is familiar with the use of its own weapons. It is difficult for the Korean army to bring its combat power into full play in the battlefield of Russia and Ukraine, where it has been consuming a lot of troops, and facing the attack of Ukraine's superior weapons and equipments. 

 

However, if the DPRK continues to increase its troops, it will at least have a numerical advantage. South Korea is now sensitive to North Korea's response to the troops, in order to provide weapons and ammunition to Ukraine and send military personnel, if the South Korean troops to participate in the war will have a significant impact on the Russian-Ukrainian war, so that is equivalent to North Korea and South Korea in the Ukrainian war officially started, the development of which will naturally lead to the Korean Peninsula, the development of direct war, and ultimately lead to the Chinese, Japanese and U.S. parties involved in the process. 

 

It is inevitable that the war between North Korea and NATO will deteriorate into a world war between Russia and Ukraine. However, from what we have seen so far, the scale of North Korea's troop deployment is not large and the number of troops is not large, not the main force is completely of a trial nature, and the subsequent large-scale deployment of formed and regular main force is doubtful. Kim Jong-un's million-strong army is ill-equipped with limited combat power, and if a large number of troops are consumed overseas, it will directly affect his family's rule in Korea.  

It would be more in line with Kim Jong-un's long-term goal to exchange Russia's food, energy, military equipment, technology and neighbouring countries' economic interests for a limited number of troops, and then make adjustments as the future develops. Therefore, the participation of North Korean troops in the war should not be over-interpreted, and from the present point of view, it is just a means for Kim Jong-un to earn foreign exchange.

 

 

 

朝軍參戰節省了糧食賺了外匯獲得軍備金正恩三贏都不止

 

朝鮮派兵烏克蘭已經為各方所確認，初期1個師1萬多人經訓練後將派往烏克蘭戰場，但按照目前情況看並非朝鮮特種部隊，而是經過選拔的年輕新兵，本次出兵可以收到大約2億美元由鄰國出資的援助，士兵每月2千美元的薪金的大多數將進入金正恩的私人腰包，只會有極少數金額惠及士兵及其家庭，況且即便在戰事中消耗掉也節省了糧食。至於說朝鮮直接出兵會對戰局產生何種影響很難說，從初期1個師的兵力來看不會對戰局產生變化，但對北約是否加速出兵會有作用，至少法國已在5月份明確表示了出兵的態度，並且有1個連的偵察兵已經開始實地考察，但據說短時間內傷亡慘重，因此近來沒有再聽聞法軍出動的消息。

 

據說朝鮮軍隊將會派駐庫爾斯克地區幫助俄軍收回失地，但實際情況難於考證。如果將部隊分散分別派駐到不同陣地，實行常規作戰的話朝鮮軍隊缺乏基本訓練，身體素質差，不熟悉新武器裝備，而且對高科技戰爭完全不瞭解，對全新的戰場環境很難儘快適應，因此相對與俄軍士兵來說，朝鮮新兵上戰場根本起不了作用反而徒添傷亡，甚至因為語言不通，連正確執行命令都很困難。最關鍵的還是部隊到底規誰指揮，如果是成建制由朝鮮軍官指揮戰鬥力應該更強，但是朝鮮軍官缺乏俄軍的實戰經驗，直接作戰很可能造成極大傷亡。如果部隊分散到俄軍作戰單位，則無非就是普通新兵而已，況且本次朝鮮派出的部隊不是朝軍主力，而是招募和抽調的一般部隊，經過俄軍短期訓練後就派往戰場。

 

朝鮮多年制裁下軍隊不可能不受到影響，普通部隊每日糧食供應才5百多克，不要說基本軍事訓練就是執行勤務都非常勉強，由於長期國民營養不良，入伍男性身高要求只有1米45，這種素質的兵源首先要做的是補充營養恢復體力，調理身體保持健康，然後才能進行適應性軍事訓練。當然並不懷疑朝鮮軍隊的作戰意志，特別是朝鮮的主力部隊，但畢竟現代戰爭在本次高科技環境下，面對烏克蘭在西方支持下的武器優勢，依賴過往的戰術自然是不合時宜了。雖然目前朝鮮軍隊參戰數量不多，但隨著戰事的需要如果能夠出動10個師十多萬的軍隊，還是能夠在戰場上發揮一定作用。至少在積累一定作戰經驗後可以替換俄軍進行休整體，填充戰線的漏洞，協助完成軍事工程，並且分擔部份作戰任務。

 

現在俄烏兩軍陷入膠著狀態，各方對於兵源補充的要求都很高，因此朝鮮如果能夠大量增兵，對於俄軍來講無論從哪個方面來說都很有利。而且朝鮮軍隊傳統以來就是承襲蘇聯編制，而且近來向俄軍提供大量武器，朝鮮軍隊對於自產武器的運用都很熟悉。朝鮮軍隊的戰鬥力在消耗驚人的俄烏戰場上，面對烏克蘭的優勢武器裝備的打擊也很難發揮出來。但如果朝鮮持續增兵的話，至少可以發揮數量方面的優勢。韓國現在對於朝鮮的出兵反應敏感，為此會向烏克蘭提供武器彈藥並且派出軍事人員，如果韓國部隊參戰則會對俄烏戰爭產生重大影響，如此等於朝韓兩國在烏克蘭戰場正式開戰，發展下去自然會引發朝鮮半島的直接戰爭，最終導致中日美各方都會捲入。

 

朝鮮參戰北約出兵俄烏戰爭惡化，最後發展成世界大戰也再所難免。不過從目前來看朝鮮出兵規模不大數量不多，不是主力部隊完全屬於試探性質，後續大規模出動成建制正規主力部隊成疑。金正恩百萬大軍裝備落後戰鬥力有限，如果大量軍隊在海外被消耗掉，會直接影響其在朝鮮的家族統治。現在有限出兵換取俄國的糧食，能源，軍備，科技和鄰國的經濟利益，然後隨著今後的發展再做調整更符合金正恩的長遠目的。因此對朝鮮軍隊參戰不應該被過度解讀，從現在看完全是金正恩賺取外匯的一種手段而已。

一花美沙

 

Kim Jong-un sending troops to Ukraine is like a beggar giving Trump gifts and asking Putin for money

DPRK Kim Jong-un sent troops to the war was speculated, the United States said it may change the course of the Russian-Ukrainian war, Ukraine's reaction to this is not too strong, but still want to get more Western aid through the DPRK troops, the United States in fact is not concerned about the DPRK troops, the so-called change the course of the war is in fact the claim is to hope that Kim Jong-un is more involved in the war in Russia and Ukraine, instead of letting the DPRK army display millions of troops on the border all year round with the U.S. and South Korea to confront each other, but also better to send to the Ukrainian battlefield for depletion. In the face of Ukraine's nearly 700,000 square kilometres of land, nearly 200,000 square kilometres of vastness of the war, the two sides of the dogfight position consumption war, even if the DPRK troops 100,000 will not help, in the face of drones, missiles, heavy artillery, tanks, white phosphorus bombs, cluster bombs, aerial strikes, etc., the world's second largest military power cannot do anything about it, let alone the DPRK army of the 580 grams per day of food supply control.

 

Although the DPRK has the world's third largest army of 1.2 million soldiers, only 500,000 of them can be transported to the front line to fight in the war, and they need to undergo all-round training and replenishment. The DPRK also has the world's largest special forces of over 100,000 men, but they may not be much superior to Russian special forces in terms of weaponry, tactical use, combat experience and will to fight, but the reality is that most of the Russian army's experienced special forces have been depleted. DPR troops sent to the environment is not familiar with the foreign battlefield, the face of the western superior weapons of the all-round blow, the two sides of the village by village, settlement by settlement, position by position consumption, the Russian army need to pay the price of more than a thousand people every day, but also can only move forward a few tens of meters of the battle, the DPR army, even if the fighting strength is strong, but also cannot withstand the Ukrainian army's firepower consumption.

 

Special operations to implement small-scale tactical infiltration, secret attacks on specific targets, the implementation of decapitation operations, etc. to have a miraculous effect, if the large-scale formed combat then become a general force, nothing more than equipment, combat effectiveness and will to fight a little stronger. The infiltration of South Korea and the beheading of the president could not be repeated in the Russian-Ukrainian battlefield, after all, it is in a completely different war environment. North Korea has already sent troops to the war, but not many, in the future will gradually increase the number of troops, but unless more than 100,000 troops, and centralized use instead of splitting the troops around to help the war, basically will not have a big impact on the war situation. North Korea gets the energy, food and military technology it wants most through Russia, and is thus free from the perennial control of its neighbor’s, and its recent show of assertiveness towards South Korea is just a traditional means of attracting global attention in exchange for economic benefits. 

 

North Korea's attack on South Korea opens up a new theatre of war, and in conjunction with the war in the Middle East forces the West to divert its troops, thus easing the pressure on Russia to go to war. But after all, with Israel's overwhelming military superiority in the Middle East and Russia's stalemate in the war in Ukraine, it is unlikely that North Korea will attack South Korea at the same time it sends troops to Ukraine. If the DPRK sends troops to assist Russia's first condition is to maintain the stability of the peninsula, if the attack on South Korea will not be possible to split the troops in Ukraine. The DPRK army's equipment is seriously backward and most of the equipment is nearly obsolete, the fighting force is limited military capability is insufficient, the soldiers due to lack of food cannot even carry out normal duties, how easy it is to launch a large-scale war. Moreover, the DPRK has been sending its ammunition stockpile to Russia in exchange for economic benefits. Kim Jong-un is now trying his best to train his daughter to take power and move to the front stage, and he will not easily go to war and gamble on the fate of the country to start a direct conflict with the U.S., Japan and South Korea. 

 

The only thing he is doing now is to send a limited number of troops to Russia in exchange for food, energy and military technology. Kim Jong-un calculating the United States election is approaching, old friend Trump is likely to once again stay in the White House, so naturally want to make some things out, as a bargaining chip in dealing with the new U.S. president. The so-called bombing of the main transport route to South Korea is in fact a route that has not been used for decades. By amending the constitution to give up reunification and declare South Korea as an enemy, the status quo of the two countries is now that of an enemy state. Launching a war against South Korea is even more borderline. Since the ammunition and troops have to go to Ukraine, what else to fight with.

夕陽橋畔

 

Asami Kondou 近藤あさみ

 

朝鮮出兵烏克蘭是叫花子向特朗普獻禮找普京要錢

 

朝鲜金正恩派兵参战被炒作，美国稱有可能改变俄乌战争进程，乌克兰对此反应不算强烈，但仍想通过朝鲜出兵得到更多西方援助，美国其实對朝鲜出兵并不关注，所谓改变战争进程的说法其实是希望金正恩更多参与到俄乌战争中去，与其讓朝鲜军队在边境陈兵百万常年與美韩对峙，还不如送到乌克兰战场进行消耗。面对乌克兰近70萬平方公里的土地，将近20萬平方公里广袤的战争，双方犬牙交错的阵地消耗战，即便朝鲜出兵10萬也无济于事，面对无人机，导弹，重炮，坦克装甲，白磷弹，集束炸弹，空中打击等等，世界军事第二强国也无能为力，更何况是每天粮食供应控制在580克的朝鲜军队。

 

虽然朝鲜拥有全世界排名第三的120萬军队，但是真正能够运送到前线打仗的也就50萬，并且還需要经过全方位的整训和补充。朝鲜还有全世界最大规模的特种部队超过10萬人，但无论在武器装备，战术运用，实战经验和战斗意志等各方面，也未必比俄罗斯特种兵高处多少，但现实情况是俄军的大部份有经验的特种兵都已经消耗殆尽了。朝鲜部队送到环境不熟悉的外国战场，面对西方优势武器的全方位打击，双方逐村逐定居点逐阵地的消耗，俄军都需要付出每天超过千人的代价，也只能向前挪动几十米的战斗，朝鲜军队即便战斗力再強，也抵挡不住乌克兰军队的火力消耗。

 

特种作战实行小规模的战术渗透，奇袭特定目标，实施斩首行动等才有奇效，如果大规模成建制作战則成为一般部队，无非就是装备，战斗力和作战意志更強一些。当年渗透韩国斩首总统的行动不可能在俄乌战场重现，毕竟是在完全不同的战争环境下。目前朝鲜已经派兵参战但是兵力不多，相信今后还会逐步增兵，但除非出动超过10萬人以上的部队，并且集中使用而非四处分兵助战，基本上對战局不会有太大影响。朝鲜通过俄罗斯得到了最想要的能源，粮食和军事科技，并且因此可以摆脱邻国常年控制，最近對韩国展示的强硬态度，不过是吸引全球关注换取经济利益的传统手段而已。

 

朝鲜攻击韩国开辟新战场，配合中东战事迫使西方分兵，从而缓解俄国战争压力。但毕竟在以色列在中东军事上占压倒性优势，俄罗斯在乌克兰战争陷入僵局，朝鲜不可能在出兵乌克兰的同时进攻韩国。如果朝鲜出兵援助俄罗斯首要条件就是维持半岛的稳定，如果进攻韩国就不可能分兵乌克兰。朝鲜军队的装备严重落后多数近乎淘汰，战斗力有限军事能力不足，士兵因缺粮連正常的勤务都执行不了，发动大规模战争谈何容易。况且现在還將弹药库存不断输送俄罗斯换取经济利益。金正恩目前正在竭力培养女儿掌权走向前台，断不会轻易开战赌国运和美日韩发动直接冲突。

 

现在无非就是出动有限的兵力，向俄罗斯换取粮食能源和军事技术而已。金正恩精于算计美国大选在即，老友特朗普很可能再次入住白宫，因此自然要搞些事情出来，作为與美国新总统打交道的筹码。所谓炸毁了通往韩国的交通要道，其实这条路几十年來都未使用過。修宪放弃统一宣布與韩国为敌，现在两国的现状就是敌国。发动對韩战争更是不着边际，既然弹药和部队都要到乌克兰去，還拿什麼打仗。

太平天國武狀元天王賜妻還成了清朝二品官活到民國

 

覃貴福廣西武宣東鄉福隆村人，太平天國後期著名將領，政治家，詩人。太平天國十年(1860)庚申科天試武狀元。太平天國後期，覃貴福積極參與政治改革運動，痛陳時弊，成為《資政新編》改革方案的主要擁護者和參與人。多次率軍出征，與清軍交戰，粉碎了清軍的入侵，屢建奇功。一次作戰中，由於叛徒出賣，被清軍將領蘇元春俘獲，覃貴福降清，成為太平天國的敵人。由於他為清軍效力有功，後來升為二品大員。

他是太平天國天王洪秀全欽點的武狀元，妻子更是天王洪秀全欽點的天王府女侍衛長。兩人的完美結合簡直是晚清歷史上的一段傳奇佳話。後來夫妻隱居家鄉，過上幸福生活，妻子甚至活到了九十多歲。這位傳奇的武狀元丈夫名叫覃貴福，妻子，後人都叫其歐氏。當天平軍在金田起義後，一路過關斬將，殺到了覃貴福的老家廣西東鄉。此時的覃貴福正好攤上事了。覃貴福的哥哥被當地的土豪劣紳誣衊偷盜別人家的紅薯藤。哥哥被這些人死死地綁在樹上吊打，直到打得皮開肉綻，死去活來。覃貴福看到哥哥的慘狀，難以抑制住心中憤怒，決定報仇雪恨。

雖然自己精通武術，力大無窮、十分勇猛，但憑藉自己一雙拳頭很難為哥哥報仇。而此時，洪秀全率領太平軍正好攻克了覃貴福的家鄉東鄉，並且在東鄉自稱天王。覃貴福知道只有加入太平軍才能為哥哥報仇，斬殺那些土豪劣紳。於是，他加入天平軍並通過天平軍的勢力幹掉了那些仇人。從此，覃貴福跟隨著太平軍南征北戰，可謂是戰無不勝攻無不克。

天平天國十年，洪秀全為選拔武功卓越的將領，決定讓身懷絕技的人比試技藝。此次，覃貴福就表現出了自己的天生神力，居然把天王宮外的兩個巨大的石獅子高高地舉過頭頂。這也難怪，當年覃貴福家鄉人見其氣壯如牛，就有鐵牛的綽號。當他舉起石獅子，著實讓天王洪秀全吃驚不已，驚嘆世上真有如此神力的勇士。自信天國統一全國將指日可待了。大喜之餘，洪秀全立刻欽定覃貴福為天國武狀元，並賞賜其金鐙、銀鞍，賜宴天朝，就這樣折騰了三天才結束。之後，洪秀全授覃貴福第六級高級官銜——職同指揮。從此，覃貴福成為了天朝的一員高級將領。

為了籠絡覃貴福的心，讓其誓死效忠自己。洪秀全不惜讓自己的女侍衛長與天朝狀元覃貴福結成一對。夫妻兩人，一位保護著天朝老大洪秀全，一位替天朝南征北戰。然而，在太平天國後期的一次戰鬥中，覃貴福率軍與清軍大戰，卻不幸中了埋伏，被清軍將領蘇元春俘虜。覃貴福誓死不降清軍，畢竟自己現在的一切都是洪秀全給予的，而且自己的妻子都是人家所賜的。自己有什麼理由，背信棄義，成為天朝的叛徒呢。然而，被俘之時，誰都有不做叛徒的誓死之心。怎奈在清軍的威逼利誘下，這位天朝的將領最終屈服，成了天朝的叛徒。之後，覃貴福為清軍效力，戰敗太平軍，甚至成為清朝的二品大員。誰能想到，太平天國的武狀元最終成為了清朝的二品大員。

太平天國徹底失敗後，覃貴福辭官和妻子歸隱故鄉。夫妻還經常在家鄉表演武術，因為自己力氣大如牛，覃貴福常用手指夾住一摞銅錢，再一用力，銅錢瞬間全被壓扁。有時他還會從口袋裡取出銀毫，同樣用手指夾住，如果有人能用手或繩子把銀幣拿出，那麼錢就歸誰；如果不能，就得請他吃茶一頓。這位太平天國的武狀元晚年過得如此的愜意，這可能是天平軍將領中結局最好的一位。1913年，覃貴福病逝於家中，而自己的妻子，當年天王的女侍衛長一直活了90多歲，直到1926年病逝。

 

傲慢舉人被相士批命凍餓而死卻因一件事中了進士

 

清朝有一安徽舉人名叫華十五，本來的名字已經不得而知。他深研古學，好發奇論，恃才傲物，不僅詆毀前代的聖賢，並且挑剔當代名士的毛病。有人向他請教經義，他就說：「你們就像螞蟻，雖然有足，但是連庭院也沒有出過，還想與鴻鵠談論天上的事情嗎？」鄰縣有一位書生學識淵博，也非常自負，但仰慕華十五的名聲，認為除了華十五外沒有人可以談論學問。於是帶著平生的著作去拜訪華十五。去的時候，華十五剛剛起床，蓬頭赤腳出來見客。書生急忙把裝書的包袱放在桌上，上前向華十五作揖。華十五睜大眼腈東張西望，就像沒有看見人似的。

過了一會兒，僕人給華十五端茶送水，客人卻沒有茶。華十五旁若無人，不慌不忙地洗漱，洗完之後，就用書生的書擦桌子。書生氣極了，再也無法忍受，說：「我的文章雖然不算什麼，但字難道不應該敬惜嗎？」華十五把書拋在地上，說：「我正嫌它有字。若是論斤賣紙，沾了水的紙不是更重嗎？」書生撿起書恨恨離去了。華十五的玩世不恭，妄自尊大就到了這種程度。後來，華十五遠出，差不多十年過去了，家鄉的人不知他的音訊，人們都以為他已經死了。有一年，又逢禮部會試，發榜之後才傳出華十五高中進士的消息。當第一名的文章傳抄出來後，同學讀了文章都很詫異，說：「這果然是華十五的文章，但為什麼不像過去那樣鋒芒畢露了呢？」

當初華十五考中舉人時，名聲大震。有一位看相的見了他，說：「此人額頭上有挺骨，稜角太露，雖然名氣很大，但將來恐怕免不了會凍餓而死。」聽到這話的人都嘲笑相士胡說八道。到後來華十五由於為人傲慢，大家討厭他不近人情，連親戚朋友都不關照他，以至斷了生活來源，這才開始害怕起來，擔心應了相士的預言。華十五有一位親戚在外地當大官，他打算前往投奔，於是就匆匆上路了。華十五沒有仔細計劃盤纏，才走到半路上就沒有錢了，並且把衣服也賣完了。時值嚴冬，他餓著肚子行走在鄉村道上。寒風刺骨，又加上雨和雪，道路泥濘易滑，他摔倒在稀泥中，過了許久才慢慢爬入一座古廟，僵臥在神龕下麵。一會兒，有幾個乞丐提著筐子走進來，對華十五喝斥道：「這是我們的地盤，你快要死的人，為什麼睡在這裡？」華十五說不出話來，就被乞丐拖出去丟在路邊上。

恰逢一位老翁經過這裡，見他可憐，將他運回家中，用溫湯餵他。過了一天一夜，華十五才開始出聲。老翁得知他是一位舉人，更加善待他。華十五因為凍血凝結，全身紅腫，幾天後紅腫的地方都潰爛成瘡，過了三年病才痊癒。他病癒後食量特別大，每餐能吃一盆飯，一碗肉。又過了半年，他的身體變得強健魁偉，和從前完全不同了。他拜謝老翁說：「我受您老人家的大恩大德，無以為報，願意教您的幾位兒子讀書。」老翁很高興。於是華十五就在老翁家當了塾師，教了五年始終沒有間斷。家中的僕人婢女都稱讚他的為人，鄉裡的鄰居也都尊敬他。因此，老翁對他更加敬重了。遇禮部會試，老翁資助許多路費讓他進京趕考，於是考中了進士。

華十五由於經歷了許多艱難，過去傲氣已經消除殆盡，言為心聲，文章自然也就顯得平易近人了。不久，他得了知縣職務，任職十幾年，所到之處都做了一些有益地方的事，辭官回鄉時已經有可觀的財產了。親朋故友來訪，他待人謙虛誠懇，竭盡鄉誼。又過了二十年，華十五才去世了。聽說華十五在老翁家教書時，曾有農夫走進房間拍著他的肩膀，說：「先生現在吃飽穿暖了，還記得古廟中的事情嗎？」他神情嚴肅地說：「不敢忘記。」有時，他在村邊行走，村裡的孩子指著他笑：「這就是原來廟裡的那個乞丐嘛！現在變成了別人家的老師了。」他聽了卻毫無怒色。華十五天分極高，所以能夠完全改掉過去的毛病，前後判若兩人。後來他中進士、成為賢明的縣令，都是由於深刻反省、痛改前非的緣故，否則就會落得凍餓而死的結局。當初華十五因恃才傲物，以致親朋好友都疏遠他的教訓，尤其值得那些目空四海的人引以為前車之鑑。